The distribution of short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in China's marine environment is predominantly coastal rather than deep-sea, influenced by industrial activities and the monsoon climate. Due to their high lipophilicity, and hydrophobicity, they are highly susceptible to aggregate in organisms and can undergo trophic amplification through food web transfer. In addition, a large number of toxicological studies have shown that SCCPs have potential developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and neurotoxicity on organisms through metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption and binding to biomolecules. In the future, it is necessary to analyze the potential toxicity of SCCPs with the help of histology and other techniques and to assess the risk of human exposure through increasing in vitro experiments. [Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2024, 14(3): 33-42]