The situation of fishery microbiological agent market in the main fishery areas of China was investigated and analyzed. A technical system for detecting and evaluating the quality and application effect of fishery microbiological agent products was established. By investigating the market of fishery microbiological agent products in 18 main fishery areas, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, 21 manufacturers, 101 distributors and 205 aquaculture farmers were investigated, and 130 bacillus agents, 109 photosynthetic bacteria agents and 123 lactic acid bacteria agents were tested. The results showed that the fishery microbiological agent products had outstanding problems such as uneven quality, serious homogenization, and the difference between the quality and function of the tested microbial inoculum products and the label on the product description. In view of the above problems, some suggestions for the development of China's fishery microbial agent industry are put forward in order to provide data support and theoretical reference for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of China's aquaculture industry.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2023, 13(6): 32-39]