To assess the edible safety risks of environmental pollutants in wild seahorses, 3 wild seahorses (Hippocampus japonicus, H. trimaculatus and H. kuda) were collected along the coastal sea of China from 2017 to 2019. The contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr in the seahorses were determined by ICP-MS, and the contents of benzopyrene were measured by HPLC. The density of microplastics particles in seahorse's intestine was analyzed. Target hazard indicators (THQs) and SV (Screening value) were used to evaluate the potential food safety hazards of these environmental pollutants accumulated in the hippocampus. The results showed that the contents and types of heavy metals in wild seahorses in Chinese coastal sea were closely related to the species and sampling sites. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) and Chinese Aquatic Product Standard (GB 2762—2022), all seahorse samples were not polluted by Cu and Hg, but were seriously polluted by Pb, Cd and Cr. As far as the seahorse speices was concerned, H. kuda was almost not polluted by heavy metals and benzopyrene.H. japonicus was polluted by Pb, Cd and Cr. H. trimaculatus was polluted by Cd, Cr and benzopyrene. From the perspective of food safety risk, except for H. japonicus from Weihai, Shandong Province, the THQs values of heavy metals and benzopyrene in all seahorse samples were less than 1.0. The contents of benzopyrene in the three wild seahorses were lower than the SV value of 10-5. These indicated that the potential health and safety risks of ingesting wild seahorses from China were low at present.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2023, 13(3): 09-17]