刺参育苗水体的水质分析及重金属的生物富集研究
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马元庆(1979-), 男, 高级工程师, 研究方向为海洋环境评价, erma0402@163.com 通信作者:李斌, 助理研究员, 研究方向为养殖环境生物学, albert0722@163.com; 邢红艳, 高级工程师, 研究方向为海洋环境评价, xinghongyan08@126.com

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烟台市科技发展计划项目(2011457);水生动物营养与饲料“泰山学者”岗位经费


Water quality analysis of Apostichopus japonicus breeding ponds 
and bioaccumulation of heavy metals
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    摘要:

     通过对蓬莱刺参育苗场进行水质与生物质量监测,分析了不同环境中无机氮、无机磷和重金属的浓度变化,测定了重金属元素在不同规格刺参幼参体内的含量,探讨了刺参苗种培育对水质的影响及重金属在幼参体内的富集作用。结果表明,养殖过程中氨氮和硝酸盐累积不明显,但亚硝酸盐与无机磷迅速累积;幼参培育的不同环境水体中N/P值差异较大,沙滤后蓄水池中海水的N/P值(50.62)最高(P<0.05),随着养殖过程的进行,其N/P值逐渐降低,倒池前降至2.48。重金属监测结果显示,不同规格的幼参体内锌 (Zn) 的含量均最高,而其对镉 (Cd) 的富集系数高于其他重金属元素,在当年春苗和越冬苗小个体幼参富集系数分别达到0.82和0.92,铅 (Pb) 在越冬苗大个体内的浓度(0.226 mg/kg)及其富集系数(0.22)为最大值,其他元素含量一般处于较低水平。在刺参苗种培育的不同阶段,重金属元素的生物富集系数存在一定差异。在当年春苗中,重金属生物富集系数依次为Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb>Zn,在越冬苗小个体幼参中,依次为Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb,在越冬苗大个体幼参中,依次为Cd>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn。本研究应用于海参育苗、保苗和养殖环境调控等多个环节,促进刺参苗种繁育环境安全,为整个集约化海水养殖业水环境调控与管理提供借鉴,有利于促进海洋经济健康和持续发展。[中国渔业质量与标准,2014,4(4):27-32]

    Abstract:

     By monitoring the water quality and heavy metal content in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a aquatic breeding farm in Penglai, the author analyzed the content changes inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal in water of different conditions, then the heavy metal content was detected in A. japonicus of different specifications, and the effect of artificial breeding of A. japonicus on water quality and accumulation of heavy metals were also discussed. The results showed that in the breeding process, accumulations of ammonia and nitrate were not obvious, but nitrite and inorganic phosphorus were accumulated rapidly. N/P value varied greatly in water of different conditions, the highest value (50.62) was found in sand-filtered reservoir water (P<0.05), and then decreased gradually with the process of breeding, reached 2.48 before changing ponds. The contents of Zn were the highest in A. japonicus of all three specifications compared with the other metal elements, while the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of Cd were much higher than other elements; The content (0.226 mg/kg) and BCF (0.22) of Pb were both the highest in overwintering large individual A. japonicus, but those of the other elements were at generally lower levels. In different breeding periods, BCFs of metal elements varied to some extent. BCFs in spring seedling were ranked as follows: Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb>Zn, BCFs in overwintering small seedling were ranked as follows: Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb, BCFs in overwintering small seedling were ranked as follows: Cd>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn. The study could be applied in many aspects of sea cucumber seedlings and regulation of breeding environment, in order to promote environmental safety of sea cucumber seed breeding, provide a reference for the entire intensive aquaculture regulation and management of the water environment, and further promote marine economy healthy and sustainable development.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2014, 4(4):27-32]

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马元庆,李斌*,邢红艳*,等.刺参育苗水体的水质分析及重金属的生物富集研究[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2014,4(4):27-32. MA Yuanqing, LI Bin*, XING Hongyan*,et al.

Water quality analysis of Apostichopus japonicus breeding ponds 
and bioaccumulation of heavy metals
[J]. Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2014,4(4):27-32.

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