The aquaculture of ricefield eel, Monopterus albus, has been rapidly developed in recent years. It has been cultivated in 18 provinces in China, with a continuous output of more than 300,000 tons per year in recent ten years. As the most important culture mode, the pond cage culture of M. albus has little pollution to the water environment. The main factors affecting the quality and safety of M. albus products are the cultural environment and inputs. The quality of M. albus products is affected by heavy metals and pesticide residues via food chain and other pathways in aquaculture environment. Under the conditions of artificial culture in pond cage, heavy metals in the body of M. albus were not detected to exceed the prescribed limit, but there existed risk of excess levels of heavy metals in the wild specimen of M. albus, particularly in the finglings. The investigation of pesticide residues showed that dichlorvos and fipronil were not detected, and lindane and pentachlorophenol sodium were just partially detected, indicating the wellbeing of pesticide residues status in the body of M. albus. No excessive heavy metals were detected in the compound feed of M. albus. Moreover, the sex hormones including estradiol, diethylstilbestrol and methyltestosterone were also not detected. By detection, it was found that tubificidae and earthworm, as animal feed sources, may be the important sources of arsenic in the body of M. albus, and the fresh food (e.g. freshwater snails) may be the important sources of heavy metals. For the fishery drugs, albendazole, as a parasite control drug, was detected to exceed the prescribed limit in some proportion of M. albus during the feeding period, while the furan drugs, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and sulfanilamide were just partially detected and did not reach the levels of excess. Through the sampling surveys and detections in the past 10 years, it was reflected that the prohibited drugs or hormones were not found in the body of M. albus, and the quality and safety of M. albus products has been generally kept in the wellbeing status. [Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2021,11(1):01-10]