The national conventional freshwater fishes include the black carp, the grass carp, the silver carp, the bighead carp, the common carp, the crucian carp, and the bream, which are the special fish species in China, with mass freshwater culture production. This article gives a brief introduction to the production and trade situations of the above seven species. The important roles of this industry on freshwater aquaculture were pointed out and the scientific research progress and the applications and popularization were elaborated from six aspects, covering breeding, disease prevention and control, cultivation and facility, nutrition and feed, processing and the industrial economy in the three years. In view of the current factors restricting healthy and sustainable development of the industry, suggestion for better development were proposed in the article.