In this study, a liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) was tested for the screening of about 42 veterinary drugs in Chinese softshell turtle. The sample was treated with acetonitrile and water (6∶4, V/V) to remove protein and fat, and then the supernatant was concentrated and cleaned with solid-phase extraction (SPE) system (HLB column). The veterinary drugs in the prepared sample were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by LC-Q-TOF/MS in positive ionization mode within 10 min. The linear ranges of the veterinary drugs were with good linearity, and the limits of detection (LOD) were from 5 to 50 μg/kg. At the different spiked levels, the average recoveries were from 56.8% to 103.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 1.26% to 10.01%. Rapid screening and confirmation of the 42 veterinary drugs can be achieved with accurate mass database and second-order spectrum library search. The method has been applied to 28 Chinese softshell turtle samples, and 3 kinds of veterinary drugs were detected. This proposed method was convenient, reliable and simple, and also was suitable for the high-throughput and rapid screening analysis of veterinary drugs in Chinese softshell turtle．