The muscle decay of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) was studied in this experiment. A strain of pathogenic bacteria (named JY-03) was isolated from the fish liver and spleen. The pathogenic bacteria was finally identified to be the Aeromonassobria by Gram staining, microscopy, API physiological and biochemical experiments. Furthermore, this bacteria caused yellow catfish muscle decay was also confirmed to be Aeromonassobria by the infection experiment. The analysis of water quality showed that numerious microcystis accelerated pathogenic bacteria proliferation in aquacultural water, which caused muscle decay of Pelteobagru sfulvidraco in the incidence pond. The therapeutic trial was implemented using norfloxacin and enrofloxacin in fish tanks. 10% norfloxacin and 10% enrofloxacin were mixed separately with feed in accordance with 1∶1000 scale, and the fish were fed once a day according to the 1% fish weight, It was found that both drugs had obvious therapeutic effects. The results showed that the symptom of skin decay disappeared gradually, the number of death was markedly decreased, and the spread of epidemic disease was prevented. The fish were almost cured after 2 weeks drugs treatment. Thereinto, enrofloxacin has a better effect than norfloxacin at the same dose. This study offered the identification and therapy method of muscle decay of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in aquaculture process, and provided some references for healthy aquaculture of yellow catfish and other related research.